A recent meta-analysis claimed to provide evidence that academic self-concept and achievement have reciprocal prospective effects on each other (reciprocal effects model). However. prospective effects were estimated while adjusting for a prior measurement of the outcome. and this method is susceptible to spurious findings due to correlations with residuals and regression to the mean. https://www.roneverhart.com/Viseart-Cashmerie-Etendu-Palette/