These controversies concerning the relationships between citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs could be because of the ways that OCBs are measured. In the literature, OCBs have generally been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.2). Other-rated measurements are unable to identify the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4